Understanding Maintenance Fees in Malaysian Properties: Complete Calculation Guide

When investing in Malaysian condominiums and high-rise properties, understanding maintenance fees—also known as service charges—is crucial for accurate financial planning. These recurring monthly costs significantly impact your investment returns, yet many property buyers overlook the calculation methodology until after purchase. Maintenance fees can range from RM 300 to over RM 3,000 monthly depending on property type, location, and facilities, making them a substantial ongoing expense that directly affects your rental yield and return on investment.

Whether you’re considering your first property purchase or expanding your portfolio, grasping how these fees are calculated helps you evaluate potential investments more accurately. For comprehensive context on property investment costs in Malaysia, refer to our complete guide to investing in Malaysia, which covers all aspects of property acquisition and ownership expenses.

This detailed guide explains the calculation formulas used by Joint Management Bodies (JMB) and Management Corporations (MC), the factors influencing fee amounts, typical cost ranges across Malaysian cities, and how to evaluate whether fees are reasonable for your specific investment scenario.

Understanding Maintenance Fees in Malaysian Properties

What Are Maintenance Fees (Service Charges)?

Maintenance fees, commonly called service charges or management fees in Malaysia, are mandatory monthly payments made by condominium and stratified property owners to cover the costs of managing, maintaining, and operating common property areas and shared facilities. These fees fund essential services including security personnel, cleaning staff, landscaping, utilities for shared spaces, lift maintenance, pool upkeep, and building insurance.

Unlike property assessment taxes paid to local authorities, maintenance fees go directly to the building’s management body—either the Joint Management Body during the initial period after completion or the Management Corporation once established. According to Bank Negara Malaysia property ownership cost surveys, maintenance fees typically represent 8-15% of total monthly property ownership expenses for investors.

These charges are not optional or negotiable—they constitute a legal obligation for all stratified property owners under Malaysian strata legislation. Non-payment can result in legal action, interest charges of up to 10% annually, and potential liens on your property that prevent sale or transfer until arrears are settled.

Legal Framework: Strata Management Act 2013

The primary legislation governing maintenance fees in Malaysia is the Strata Management Act 2013, which replaced the Building and Common Property (Maintenance and Management) Act 2007. This Act establishes the legal framework for how fees are determined, collected, and utilized, while defining the rights and obligations of both property owners (parcel owners) and management bodies.

Under Section 25 of the Act, all parcel owners must contribute to maintenance charges based on their allocated share units. The Act specifies that charges must be calculated based on an annual budget prepared by the management body, with costs distributed proportionally according to each unit’s share unit allocation—typically tied to property size in square footage.

The legislation also mandates specific financial practices including separate maintenance account and sinking fund account management, annual audited financial statements, and Annual General Meeting (AGM) approval of budgets and fee structures. Property owners have legal recourse through the Strata Management Tribunal for disputes regarding excessive or improperly calculated fees, with decisions enforceable without court proceedings.

Who Collects and Manages These Fees?

The entity responsible for collecting maintenance fees depends on your property’s management stage. For newly completed developments, the Joint Management Body (JMB) typically manages the property until sufficient owners (representing at least 25% of aggregate share units) establish a Management Corporation through the Commissioner of Buildings.

The JMB consists of property purchasers and the developer, with composition gradually shifting toward purchaser control as more units are sold and occupied. During this transitional period—which can last 2-5 years—the developer often maintains significant influence over fee structures and management decisions.

Once established, the Management Corporation (MC) assumes full responsibility for property management, governed entirely by elected parcel owners through a Management Committee. The MC has broader legal powers including the ability to sue and be sued, enter contracts, and enforce by-laws more effectively than JMBs. Many MCs engage professional property management companies to handle day-to-day operations, with management fees typically 10-15% of total collected maintenance charges.

How Maintenance Fees Are Calculated: The Formula

Base Calculation Method: Cost Per Square Foot

The most common calculation method for maintenance fees in Malaysia uses a cost per square foot approach. This straightforward formula multiplies your unit’s built-up area by a rate determined by the management body based on operational costs:

Monthly Maintenance Fee = Built-up Area (sq ft) × Rate per Square Foot

For example, if you own a 1,000 square foot apartment in a building with a maintenance rate of RM 0.40 per square foot, your monthly fee would be RM 400 (1,000 × RM 0.40). This method provides transparency and proportional cost distribution based on unit size, operating on the principle that larger units benefit more from common facilities and should contribute proportionally more to their upkeep.

According to EdgeProp Malaysia market data, typical rates range from RM 0.30-0.50 per square foot for standard condominiums, RM 0.50-0.80 for mid-tier developments with extensive facilities, and RM 0.80-1.50+ for luxury high-rises with premium amenities in prime locations like KLCC or Bangsar.

The rate per square foot is determined annually through the budgeting process, where the management body calculates total anticipated operational costs for the year and divides this by the total built-up area of all units in the development. This ensures full cost recovery while maintaining equitable distribution among owners.

Share Unit Allocation System

A more legally precise method uses the share unit allocation system mandated by the Strata Management Act. Each stratified property is assigned share units proportional to its size and, in some cases, other factors like location within the building or specific features. These share units determine each owner’s proportional contribution to total building expenses.

The formula for this approach is: Monthly Maintenance Fee = (Your Share Units / Total Share Units) × Monthly Budget

Share units are typically calculated using a standard formula that assigns a unit value per square meter or square foot. For instance, if the standard is 1 share unit per square meter, a 100-square-meter apartment would have 100 share units. In a building with 10,000 total share units and a monthly budget of RM 50,000, that apartment’s monthly fee would be: (100 / 10,000) × RM 50,000 = RM 500.

This system accommodates variations beyond simple square footage. Premium units like penthouses might have additional share units allocated to reflect higher proportional benefit from common facilities, while ground floor units might have slightly reduced allocations. The share unit schedule is typically established in the original strata title documentation and can only be amended through specific legal processes.

Common vs. Individual Property Area Considerations

When calculating maintenance fees, it’s crucial to understand which measurement is being used—built-up area or net internal area. The built-up area includes your unit’s internal space plus a proportional share of common walls, corridors, and lift lobbies, typically 15-25% larger than the actual usable floor area within your unit.

Malaysian property transactions and maintenance calculations standardly use built-up area, meaning you’re paying for maintenance not just on your apartment’s interior but on your proportional share of structural and circulation spaces. This is legally appropriate since these spaces require maintenance and all owners benefit from them.

Some developments attempt to use “super built-up area” that includes car parking spaces and even proportional basement or recreational floor areas, potentially inflating fees substantially. During due diligence, verify exactly what measurement basis is being used and ensure it aligns with market standards. Reputable developers clearly specify measurement methods in Sale and Purchase Agreements.

Annual Budget Approach

The most comprehensive and legally compliant calculation method involves the annual budget approach, where the management body prepares a detailed operational budget for the coming year, including all anticipated expenses across categories like staffing, utilities, maintenance contracts, insurance, and reserve contributions.

This budget is typically presented at the Annual General Meeting for owner approval, after which total costs are divided by either total square footage or total share units to determine the rate or individual contribution. This approach ensures fees directly reflect actual operational requirements rather than arbitrary rates.

A typical annual budget breakdown for a 300-unit mid-range condominium might include: Security services (30-35%), cleaning and landscaping (15-20%), utility costs for common areas (15-20%), repairs and maintenance (10-15%), insurance (5-8%), management fees (10-12%), and sinking fund contributions (10%). Understanding this breakdown helps evaluate whether fees are reasonable and properly allocated.

Key Factors That Influence Maintenance Fee Amounts

Property Type and Classification

Property classification significantly impacts maintenance costs. Standard condominiums with basic facilities typically charge RM 0.30-0.50 per square foot, covering essential security, cleaning, and lift maintenance. Serviced residences and serviced apartments offering hotel-like amenities including concierge services, daily housekeeping options, and premium facilities generally charge RM 0.60-1.20 per square foot.

For detailed guidance on different property types and their investment potential, explore our Malaysia Real Estate Investment Guide, which compares various property categories and their associated costs.

Luxury developments featuring extensive amenities like multiple pools, tennis courts, sky lounges, co-working spaces, and premium finishes command RM 0.80-1.50+ per square foot. According to PropertyGuru Malaysia market analysis, some ultra-luxury KLCC properties exceed RM 2.00 per square foot due to exceptional facility ranges and premium service levels.

Low-density developments with fewer units sharing extensive facilities inevitably have higher per-unit costs due to reduced economies of scale. A 50-unit boutique development might charge significantly more than a 500-unit project with similar amenities because operational costs are distributed across fewer owners.

Building Facilities and Amenities

The range and quality of facilities directly correlates with maintenance costs. A basic condominium with a single swimming pool, small gym, and minimal landscaping requires far less maintenance expenditure than a resort-style development with multiple pools (including children’s pools, lap pools, and infinity pools), full-equipped gymnasiums, squash courts, function rooms, barbecue areas, jogging tracks, and elaborate landscaping.

Each additional facility adds specific costs: swimming pools require daily chemical treatment, filtration system maintenance, and lifeguard services (RM 3,000-8,000 monthly for standard pools); gymnasiums need equipment maintenance, cleaning, and periodic replacement (RM 2,000-5,000 monthly); landscaping for extensive grounds requires regular maintenance crews and materials (RM 5,000-15,000+ monthly for large developments).

Smart investors evaluate whether extensive facilities align with target tenant demographics. A property marketed to young professionals might benefit from a good gym and co-working spaces, while excessive family-oriented facilities remain underutilized, representing wasted maintenance expenditure that reduces net returns.

Number of Units and Economy of Scale

Larger developments typically achieve better economies of scale, reducing per-unit maintenance costs. Fixed costs like building insurance, management staff salaries, and basic security infrastructure are distributed across more owners in high-density projects, potentially reducing individual contributions by 20-40% compared to boutique developments.

A 500-unit development might employ three security guards per shift (cost shared among 500 owners), while a 100-unit project still requires at least two guards per shift (cost shared among only 100 owners), resulting in significantly higher per-unit security costs for the smaller development.

However, extremely large developments (800+ units) may face dis-economies of scale due to increased management complexity, higher wear-and-tear on facilities, and need for additional administrative personnel. The optimal size for cost efficiency typically falls between 300-600 units, balancing scale advantages against management complexity.

Building Age and Condition

Property age substantially impacts maintenance requirements and costs. Newer buildings (0-5 years) typically have lower maintenance expenses due to defect liability periods where developers remain responsible for certain repairs, newer equipment requiring less servicing, and comprehensive warranties on elevators, pumps, and major systems.

Mid-age properties (6-15 years) enter periods of higher maintenance as warranties expire and systems require more frequent servicing. Elevator maintenance contracts increase 30-50% after warranty periods, air conditioning systems need major servicing or replacement, and façade maintenance becomes more intensive. Fees may increase 15-25% during this period compared to initial years.

Older developments (15+ years) face significant challenges including aging infrastructure requiring replacement rather than repair, higher utility costs from less efficient systems, and major capital expenditures for lift modernization, pipe replacement, or façade restoration. These projects require robust sinking funds to avoid special levies, and maintenance fees may be 40-60% higher than comparable newer properties.

Location and Area Premium

Geographic location influences maintenance costs through labor and material price variations. Kuala Lumpur properties, particularly in prime areas like KLCC, Mont Kiara, and Bangsar, typically have 15-30% higher fees than equivalent developments in secondary cities, reflecting higher salaries for security and maintenance staff, increased vendor service rates, and premium positioning expectations.

When comparing investment opportunities across regions, consider location-based cost variations. Our guide on investing in KL, Penang or Johor Bahru provides detailed comparisons of operational costs across Malaysia’s major property markets.

Penang developments show moderate fee structures, typically 10-20% below KL equivalents, while Johor Bahru properties generally offer the lowest maintenance costs among major cities, sometimes 25-35% below comparable KL properties. However, service quality and facility management standards may also vary, requiring careful evaluation beyond simple cost comparison.

What’s Included in Your Maintenance Fees?

Security Services and Systems

Security typically represents the largest single expense category, consuming 30-40% of maintenance budgets. This includes salaries for security personnel (typically 6-12 guards for medium-sized developments working in shifts to provide 24/7 coverage), security equipment maintenance including CCTV systems, access control card readers, automatic gates, and intercoms, and security management and supervision costs.

Standard developments usually maintain two entrance points with guards, periodic patrol schedules, and basic CCTV coverage at main areas. Luxury properties may feature comprehensive surveillance with cameras covering all common areas, biometric access systems, additional patrol personnel, dedicated security control rooms, and even K9 units in ultra-premium developments.

For investors, security quality directly impacts property desirability and rental potential. Properties with strong security command rental premiums of 5-10% in most markets, making security expenditure a value-adding rather than pure cost element of maintenance fees.

Cleaning and Landscaping

Cleaning and landscaping services consume 15-25% of typical maintenance budgets, covering daily cleaning of lobby areas, corridors, staircases, and lift cabins; periodic deep cleaning of floors, walls, and fixtures; external area cleaning including driveways and car parks; and waste management including bin provision and disposal arrangements.

Landscaping expenses include gardening staff salaries, plant materials and replacement, fertilizers and pest control, irrigation system maintenance and water costs, and periodic landscape rejuvenation projects. Developments with extensive grounds naturally incur higher costs—resort-style properties with elaborate landscaping might allocate 25-30% of budgets to this category.

Well-maintained landscaping and cleanliness significantly impact property values. Studies by Malaysian property consultancies indicate that well-kept properties maintain value better during market downturns and achieve 8-12% higher resale prices compared to similar properties with poor maintenance standards.

Utilities for Common Areas

Common area utilities including electricity for lighting, lifts, pumps, and air-conditioned lobbies or facilities; water for pools, landscaping, cleaning, and general use; and sewerage charges typically represent 15-22% of maintenance budgets.

This category shows significant variation based on facility intensity. A basic development with minimal common area air conditioning and a single pool might allocate just 12-15% to utilities, while a luxury property with fully air-conditioned corridors, multiple pools, extensive water features, and flood-lit sports facilities could see utility costs reach 25-30% of total budgets.

Energy-efficient buildings with LED lighting, variable-speed lift systems, solar supplementation, and efficient pump systems can reduce utility costs by 20-35% compared to older developments, translating to meaningfully lower maintenance fees and better investment returns. Progressive management bodies invest sinking fund reserves in efficiency upgrades that reduce long-term operational costs.

Facility Maintenance (Pool, Gym, Lifts)

Specialized facility maintenance represents 12-20% of budgets, with major components including elevator servicing contracts (typically RM 500-1,200 per lift monthly depending on capacity and brand), swimming pool maintenance covering chemical treatments, filtration systems, cleaning, and periodic tile repairs, gymnasium equipment servicing and replacement, and other facilities like playgrounds, function rooms, and building systems.

Elevator maintenance deserves particular attention as a significant long-term cost. Initial service contracts during warranty periods (first 1-3 years) are relatively inexpensive, but post-warranty contracts increase substantially. A six-lift building might pay RM 3,000 monthly initially, rising to RM 7,000+ after warranties expire. Lifts also require major modernization every 15-20 years at costs of RM 150,000-300,000 per lift—expenses covered by sinking funds.

Pool maintenance is another major cost component at RM 3,000-8,000 monthly per pool for standard-sized facilities. Pools require daily chemical treatment, weekly deep cleaning, periodic acid washing, continuous filtration system operation, and periodic equipment replacement. Developments with multiple pools or very large facilities can see pool-related costs reach 8-10% of total maintenance budgets.

Insurance and Administrative Costs

Building insurance, mandated by the Strata Management Act, typically costs 4-8% of maintenance budgets and covers structural damage from fire, natural disasters, and other perils; third-party liability protection; property all risks including common property contents; and fidelity guarantee insurance protecting against employee dishonesty.

Insurance costs correlate with building value, height (high-rises face higher premiums), location (flood-prone areas cost more), and claims history. A 30-story building in Kuala Lumpur with replacement value of RM 200 million might pay RM 400,000-600,000 annually for comprehensive coverage, translating to RM 33,000-50,000 monthly budget allocation.

Administrative costs including management fees (typically 10-15% of collected charges if outsourced to professional management companies), accounting and audit fees, legal expenses, AGM costs, and stationery/office expenses represent another 10-15% of budgets. Professional management generally improves operational efficiency despite the additional cost, making it worthwhile for most developments above 100 units.

Sinking Fund Contributions

The Strata Management Act requires separate sinking fund contributions for capital expenditure and major repairs. While technically separate from maintenance charges, sinking fund contributions are collected simultaneously and calculated proportionally using the same share unit allocation, making them effectively part of total monthly fees.

Regulations mandate minimum sinking fund contributions of 10% of maintenance charges, though well-managed properties often collect 15-20% to build adequate reserves. A property charging RM 400 monthly maintenance would require at least RM 40 additional sinking fund contribution, totaling RM 440.

Sinking funds cover major expenses like roof replacement, façade restoration, lift modernization, car park resurfacing, major plumbing replacements, and pool renovations. Adequate sinking funds prevent unexpected special levies that can severely impact investment returns. During due diligence, verify sinking fund balances—healthy developments maintain sinking funds equivalent to 50-100% of annual maintenance budgets.

Average Maintenance Fee Ranges in Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley Benchmarks

Kuala Lumpur represents Malaysia’s most expensive property maintenance market, with fees reflecting premium labor costs, higher service standards, and extensive facility expectations. Based on 2024-2025 market data:

Standard condominiums in suburban Klang Valley areas (Cheras, Puchong, Kepong) typically charge RM 0.30-0.45 per square foot. A 1,000 sq ft unit would cost RM 300-450 monthly plus RM 30-45 sinking fund contribution.

Mid-range developments in established areas like Subang Jaya, Petaling Jaya, and Ampang with good facilities charge RM 0.45-0.65 per square foot. A 1,200 sq ft unit might pay RM 540-780 monthly maintenance.

Premium properties in Mont Kiara, Bangsar, and Desa ParkCity typically charge RM 0.65-0.95 per square foot, reflecting resort-style facilities and higher service standards. A 1,500 sq ft unit would incur RM 975-1,425 monthly.

Luxury high-rises in KLCC, Stonor, and Ampang Hilir command RM 0.95-1.50+ per square foot. Ultra-premium properties like Four Seasons Place or The RuMa Residences exceed RM 2.00 per square foot, with larger units paying RM 3,000-6,000+ monthly.

When evaluating new developments in Kuala Lumpur, understanding fee structures is essential for accurate return calculations. Our top 10 new property investments in Kuala Lumpur includes maintenance fee projections for featured developments.

Penang Property Fee Standards

Penang’s property market shows maintenance fees typically 10-20% below Kuala Lumpur equivalents, though premium areas approach KL pricing:

Standard condominiums in mainland areas (Butterworth, Seberang Perai) charge RM 0.25-0.40 per square foot, offering more affordable operational costs than comparable KL properties.

Mid-range island properties in areas like Jelutong, Tanjung Tokong, and Bayan Lepas typically charge RM 0.40-0.60 per square foot, providing good facilities at moderate costs.

Premium developments in George Town heritage areas, Gurney Drive, and Tanjung Bungah command RM 0.60-0.90 per square foot, reflecting premium positioning and extensive facilities.

Luxury high-rises along Gurney Drive and beachfront locations charge RM 0.85-1.30 per square foot, approaching but rarely exceeding KL luxury property rates.

Penang’s relatively lower maintenance costs contribute to strong rental yields, with operational efficiency partially offsetting lower rental rates compared to Kuala Lumpur. Investors often find better net returns in Penang mid-tier properties compared to equivalent KL investments due to favorable cost structures.

Johor Bahru and Southern Region Rates

Johor Bahru offers Malaysia’s most competitive maintenance fee structures among major cities, though quality and service standards require careful evaluation:

Standard condominiums in areas like Skudai, Kulai, and Pontian charge RM 0.20-0.35 per square foot, representing significant savings compared to KL or Penang.

Mid-range developments in established JB areas including Taman Molek, Taman Mount Austin, and Permas Jaya typically charge RM 0.35-0.55 per square foot.

Premium properties in Danga Bay, Horizon Hills, and the Iskandar Malaysia development corridors charge RM 0.50-0.75 per square foot, offering extensive facilities at costs still below KL equivalents.

Luxury developments targeting Singapore buyers and premium segments command RM 0.70-1.00 per square foot, with the highest-end properties approaching RM 1.20 per square foot but rarely exceeding this threshold.

JB’s oversupply situation in certain segments has created pressure on developers to maintain competitive fee structures to support rental and resale values. However, some developments have experienced management challenges with fee collection rates below 70%, creating maintenance quality concerns that impact property values negatively. Thorough due diligence on management body financial health is critical in this market.

Standard vs. Luxury Development Comparison

Understanding the maintenance fee differential between standard and luxury developments helps investors evaluate value propositions accurately. A comparison using 1,000 sq ft units illustrates the cost variance:

Standard Condominium: RM 0.35/sq ft × 1,000 sq ft = RM 350 monthly maintenance + RM 35 sinking fund = RM 385 total. Annual cost: RM 4,620. For a RM 450,000 property, this represents 1.03% of property value annually.

Luxury High-Rise: RM 1.20/sq ft × 1,000 sq ft = RM 1,200 monthly maintenance + RM 120 sinking fund = RM 1,320 total. Annual cost: RM 15,840. For a RM 1,200,000 property, this represents 1.32% of property value annually.

While luxury properties pay substantially higher absolute fees, as a percentage of property value the difference is moderate (1.03% vs 1.32%). However, from rental yield perspective, the impact is significant. If both properties achieve 4.5% gross rental yields (RM 1,687 monthly for the standard unit; RM 4,500 for the luxury unit), maintenance fees consume 22.8% of rental income for the standard property versus 29.3% for the luxury unit, demonstrating how higher maintenance costs can materially impact net investment returns.

Calculation Examples: Real Property Scenarios

Example 1: Mid-Range Condo in Mont Kiara

Let’s examine a typical mid-range condominium in Mont Kiara, one of Kuala Lumpur’s most established expat-focused neighborhoods:

Property specifications: 1,100 sq ft, 3-bedroom unit in a 15-year-old, 450-unit development with swimming pool, gymnasium, playground, landscaped gardens, covered parking, and 24-hour security.

Maintenance rate: RM 0.55 per square foot (typical for established Mont Kiara properties with moderate facilities)

Calculation: 1,100 sq ft × RM 0.55 = RM 605 monthly maintenance charge

Sinking fund: 10% of maintenance = RM 60.50 monthly

Total monthly fees: RM 665.50 or approximately RM 8,000 annually

Investment analysis: If this property is valued at RM 850,000 and generates RM 3,200 monthly rental income (4.5% gross yield), the maintenance fees represent 20.8% of rental income. After accounting for maintenance, the net rental yield drops to approximately 3.56% before other expenses like property tax, insurance, and management fees.

This scenario illustrates typical cost structures for established mid-tier KL properties. The maintenance rate of RM 0.55 reflects moderate facility provision appropriate to the building’s age and market positioning, while the 20.8% rental income consumption by fees is within normal ranges for this property segment.

Example 2: Luxury High-Rise in KLCC

For premium investment comparison, consider a luxury condominium in the prestigious KLCC area:

Property specifications: 1,800 sq ft, 3-bedroom unit in a 7-year-old, 320-unit development with multiple swimming pools, sky lounge, fully-equipped gymnasium, squash courts, concierge service, premium finishes, and valet parking.

Maintenance rate: RM 1.15 per square foot (typical for KLCC luxury properties with extensive amenities)

Calculation: 1,800 sq ft × RM 1.15 = RM 2,070 monthly maintenance charge

Sinking fund: 15% of maintenance = RM 310.50 monthly (higher percentage reflects premium positioning and facility intensity)

Total monthly fees: RM 2,380.50 or approximately RM 28,566 annually

Investment analysis: If this property is valued at RM 2,500,000 and achieves RM 9,000 monthly rental income (4.3% gross yield—typical for luxury KLCC properties), maintenance fees consume 26.5% of rental income. Net rental yield after maintenance fees drops to approximately 3.16%, illustrating how luxury property operational costs materially impact returns despite higher absolute rental values.

This example demonstrates why luxury property investments require careful financial modeling. While absolute rental income is substantially higher, operational costs consume proportionally more rental income, requiring investors to focus on capital appreciation potential rather than rental yield optimization.

Example 3: Affordable Apartment in Subang Jaya

For comparison with more affordable investment options, consider a standard apartment in Subang Jaya:

Property specifications: 850 sq ft, 3-bedroom unit in a 20-year-old, 600-unit development with basic swimming pool, small gym, minimal landscaping, open parking, and security guards at main entrance.

Maintenance rate: RM 0.38 per square foot (competitive rate reflecting basic facilities and economies of scale from high unit count)

Calculation: 850 sq ft × RM 0.38 = RM 323 monthly maintenance charge

Sinking fund: 10% of maintenance = RM 32.30 monthly

Total monthly fees: RM 355.30 or approximately RM 4,264 annually

Investment analysis: If this property is valued at RM 380,000 and generates RM 1,500 monthly rental income (4.7% gross yield—affordable properties often achieve higher percentage yields), maintenance fees represent